Cokendolpher, J. C.; Francke, O. F. 1990. "The ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of western Texas. Part II. Subfamilies Ecitoninae, Ponerinae, Pseudomyrmecinae, Dolichoderinae, and Formicinae." Spec. Publ. Mus. Tex. Tech Univ. 30: 1-76.
Abstract: In Part I of this series, Moody and Francke (1982) reported that the subfamily Myrmicinae is represented in western Texas by 17 genera and 89 species. Herein, 24 genera and 83 species are recorded from western Texas in the subfamilies Ecitoninae, Ponerinae, Pseudomyrmecinae, Dolichoderinae, and Formicinae. Two additional species (Formica neoclara and Hypoponera punctatissima) are probably also present, based on their known distributions elsewhere in Texas and surrounding states. Although several species are wide ranging, most are restricted to one or two vegetative regions. Thirteen wide ranging species are present in all of the western Texas regions: Brachymyrmex depilis, Camponotus discolor, C. festinatus, Conomyrma bicolor, C. flava, C. insana, Forelius foetidus, F. pruinosus, Formica gnava, Labidus coecus, Myrmecocystus placodops, Odontomachus clarus, and Paratrechina vividula. Eight other species are relatively common and were found in four of the five regions sampled: Camponotus sansabeanus, C. vicinus, Hypoponera opacior, Myrmecocystus depilis, M. mendax, M. mimicus, Neivamyrmex nigrescens, and Paratrechina terricola. More species were encountered in the Trans-Pecos region than in any other region in western Texas. Furthermore, more species are restricted to the Trans-Pecos area than all others taken together from the other regions in western Texas. Of the 58 species recorded from the Trans-Pecos, 21 were restricted to that region: Acanthomyops arizonicus, Amblyopone pallipes, Camponotus abdominalis transvectus, C. cuauhtemoc, C. ocreatus, C. ulcerosus, Cerapachys davisi, Colobopsis pylartes, Formica nitidiventris, F. puberula, Hypoponera opaciceps, Lasius sitiens, Liometopum luctuosum, Myrmecocystus melliger, Neivamyrmex fallax, N. macropterus, N. minor, N. pauxillus, Paratrechina austroccidua, P. bruesii, and P. pallidus. The wide variety of habitats- from lowland deserts to highland coniferous forests certainly- accounts for much of this diversity in ants. Approximately the same numbers of ant species occur in the High Plains, Rolling Plains, and portion of the Edwards Plateau in western Texas; 34, 38, and 47, respectively. Those species restricted to the High Plains of western Texas include: Formica bradleyi, F. gynocrates, F. montana, F. sp. (near integroides), and Myrmecocystus romainei. Species recorded only from the Rolling Plains are: Acanthomyops interjectus, Formica pallidefulva, F. subsericea, and Myrmecocystus navajo. The two species recorded only from the Edwards Plateau are Neivamyrmex melsheimeri and Proceratium compitale. Only 23 species are recorded from that portion of the Rio Grande Plains which extends into western Texas. Of those species, only three, Neivamyrmex fuscipennis, N. texanus, and Pachycondyla villosa do not occur elsewhere in western Texas.
Keywords: Acanthomyops arizonicus; Acanthomyops interjectus; Acanthomyops latipes; Amblyopone pallipes; Brachymyrmex depilis; Camponotus abdominalis transvectus; Camponotus acutirostris; Camponotus americanus; Camponotus cuauhtemoc; Camponotus decipiens; Camponotus discolor; Camponotus festinatus; Camponotus ocreatus; Camponotus pennsylvanicus; Camponotus sansabeanus; Camponotus semitestaceus; Camponotus texanus; Camponotus ulcerosus; Camponotus vicinus; Cerapachys augustae; Cerapachys davisi; Colobopsis impressa; Colobopsis pylartes; Conomyrma bicolor; Conomyrma flava; Conomyrma insana; Crematogaster punctulata; Forelius foetidus; Forelius pruinosus; Formica bradleyi; Formica gnava; Formica gynocrates; Formica montana; Formica neoclara; Formica nitidiventris; Formica pallidefulva; Formica perpilosa; Formica puberula; Formica schaufussi; Formica subsericea; Formica nr. integroides; Hypoponera inexorata; Hypoponera opaciceps; Hypoponera opacior; Hypoponera punctatissima; Labidus coecus; Lasius neoniger; Lasius sitiens; Leptogenys elongata; Liometopum apiculatum; Liometopum luctuosum; Myrmecocystus depilis; Myrmecocystus melliger; Myrmecocystus mendax; Myrmecocystus mexicanus; Myrmecocystus mimicus; Myrmecocystus navajo; Myrmecocystus placodops; Myrmecocystus romainei; Neivamyrmex carolinensis; Neivamyrmex fallax; Neivamyrmex fuscipennis; Neivamyrmex harrisii; Neivamyrmex leonardi; Neivamyrmex macropterus; Neivamyrmex melsheimeri; Neivamyrmex minor; Neivamyrmex nigrescens; Neivamyrmex opacithorax; Neivamyrmex pauxillus; Neivamyrmex pilosus mexicanus; Neivamyrmex swainsonii; Neivamyrmex texanus; Odontomachus clarus; Pachycondyla harpax; Pachycondyla villosa; Paratrechina arenivaga; Paratrechina austroccidua; Paratrechina bruesii; Paratrechina terricola; Paratrechina vividula; Pheidole bicarinata vinelandica; Pogonomyrmex; Ponera pennsylvanica; Prenolepis imparis; Proceratium compitale; Pseudomyrmex apache; Pseudomyrmex pallidus; Tapinoma sessile; Dolichoderinae; Ecitoninae; Formicinae; Myrmicinae; Ponerinae; Pseudomyrmecinae; North America; USA; Texas; scientific; biology; caste; taxonomy; key; ecology; distribution; nest; community; soil; elevation; slope; behavior; symbiont; myrmecophile; predator; parasite; inquiline; trophobiont; slave-maker; Acarina; Astigmata; Trachyaropodidae; Coleoptera; Anthicidae; Formicilla munda; Pselaphidae; Atinus brevicornis; Biotus formicarius; Scarabaeidae; Cremastocheilus; Staphylinidae; Sceptobius; Xenodusa caseyi; Tenebrionidae; Araeoschizus decipiens; Blapstinus sulcatus; Hemiptera; Lygaeidae; Emblethis vicarius; tending Homoptera; Cixiidae; Kinnaridae; Oeclidius; Orthoptera; Gryllidae; Myrmecophilia nebrascensis; Thysanura; Lepismatidae; Machilidae; Microcoryphia; Prolepismina; Nicoletiidae; Grassiella; collecting; bait; light trap;